Dylan Anderson Essays (833 words) - Ice Hockey, Sports,

Dylan Anderson Freshmen English Process Paper 10/17/14 Word count: 836 Ice Hockey This essay is going to be on how to understand the game of hockey. A game of hockey is divided into three twenty minute time periods that are called periods. Between each period there is a fifth teen minute intermission. In hockey there are several ways a game may end if there is a tie at the end of regulation. The pros use one twenty sudden death period in which the first to score is the winner. In the amateurs they use a shoot out in which five players from each team are selected and allowed to go one on one with the opposing goalie and which ever team scores the most goals after all five members for both teams have taken their shot they are the winners. If there is a tie after this it keeps repeating until a winner is crowned.A team is allowed only six players on the ice at a time. These players consist of a goalie, right and left defensemen, right and left-wingers, and a center. Defensemen stay back towards the blue line so none of the opposing team can get behind them. The wingm en stay towards their respective sides of the net. The center does just that jams the front of the net to either screen (block the view of) the goalie or deflects the shot into the net. The goalie mostly stays in his crease to protect the goal however if he wants he may leave his crease (the light blue area by the net).Because of the speed of the game it is the only sport in which substitutions are allowed to be made while the game is in progress. The pace of a game is so quick that even the pros in top physical condition only have shifts that last from ninety second to two minutes. A defensemen's shift will often be slightly longer then that of a winger or a center.There are three different types of penalties in hockey a minor, a major, and non-contact penalties. Non contact penalties occur when a player hit's the puck from his zone past the red goal line in the other teams zone and a member from his team does not touch it, however the goalie for the opposing team can wave it off a nd keep the puck in play, this is called icing. Another non contact penalty is when a teammate passes the puck to another teammate and it goes over a blue and red line without being touched before crossing both lines this called a two line pass. The last of the non-contact penalties is off sides and this when an opposing team is going into their defenders zone and they pass the blue line before the puck does (the puck has to be the first thing to pass the blue line going into the zone). A minor penalty is assessed when an excessive amount of body or equipment is used to impede the speed or shot of an opponent. The player must then sit in the penalty box for two minutes of play and his team must play a man down (power play). If the opposing team scores during this time the man then can leave the box. A major penalty is given when most often for fighting or a severely violent act, and results in five minutes in the penalty box and return to play. This can also result in a game miscond uct in which the player may not return to the game, but after the five minutes in the penalty box has been served he may be substituted.There are three common shots in hockey: the wrist shot, the slap shot, and the backhand. The slap shot has been timed at more then 100 mph. The slap shot is different from the wrist shot in that the player brings the stick to where it is almost perpendicular to the ice and then brings it down quickly slapping the puck forward. In a wrist shot there is no windup or raising of the stick before the shot, the puck is cradled along the ice and the wrist is then snapped forward often times launching the

Multiplication Rule for Independent Events

Multiplication Rule for Independent Events It is important to know how to calculate the probability of an event.  Certain types of events in probability are called independent.  When we have a pair of independent events, sometimes we may ask, What is the probability that both of these events occur?  In this situation, we can simply multiply our two  probabilities together. We will see how to utilize the multiplication rule for independent events.  After we have gone over the basics, we will see the details of a couple of calculations. Definition of Independent Events We begin with a definition of independent events.  In probability, two events are independent if the outcome of one event does not influence the outcome of the second event. A good example of a pair of independent events is when we roll a die and then flip a coin.  The number showing on the die has no effect on the coin that was tossed.  Therefore these two events are independent. An example of a pair of events that are not independent would be the gender of each baby in a set of twins.  If the twins are identical, then both of them will be male, or both of them would be female. Statement of the Multiplication Rule The multiplication rule for independent events relates the probabilities of two events to the probability that they both occur.  In order to use the rule, we need to have the probabilities of each of the independent events.  Given these events, the multiplication rule states the probability that both events occur is found by multiplying the probabilities of each event. Formula for the Multiplication Rule The multiplication rule is much easier to state and to work with when we use mathematical notation. Denote events A and B and the probabilities of each by P(A) and P(B). If A and B  are independent events, then: P(A and B) P(A) x P(B) Some versions of this formula use even more symbols.  Instead of the word and we can instead use the intersection symbol:  Ã¢Ë† ©. Sometimes this formula is used as the definition of independent events.  Events are independent if and only if P(A and B) P(A) x P(B). Example #1 of the Use of the Multiplication Rule We will see how to use the multiplication rule by looking at a few examples.  First suppose that we roll a six sided die and then flip a coin.  These two events are independent. The probability of rolling a 1 is 1/6. The probability of a head is 1/2. The probability of rolling a 1 and getting a head is 1/6 x 1/2 1/12. If we were inclined to be skeptical about this result, this example is small enough that all of the outcomes could be listed: {(1, H), (2, H), (3, H), (4, H), (5, H), (6, H), (1, T), (2, T), (3, T), (4, T), (5, T), (6, T)}.  We see that there are twelve outcomes, all of which are equally likely to occur.  Therefore the probability of 1 and a head is 1/12.  The multiplication rule was much more efficient because it did not require us to list our the entire sample space. Example #2 of the Use of the Multiplication Rule For the second example, suppose that we draw a card from a standard deck, replace this card, shuffle the deck and then draw again.  We then ask what is the probability that both cards are kings. Since we have drawn with replacement, these events are independent and the multiplication rule applies.   The probability of drawing a king for the first card is 1/13.  The probability for drawing a king on the second draw is 1/13.  The reason for this is that we are replacing the king that we drew from the first time.  Since these events are independent, we use the multiplication rule to see that the probability of drawing two kings is given by the following product 1/13 x 1/13 1/169. If we did not replace the king, then we would have a different situation in which the events would not be independent.  The probability of drawing a king on the second card would be influenced by the result of the first card.

The Nurses Responsibility in the Prevention of Medication Errors Essay

The Nurses Responsibility in the Prevention of Medication Errors - Essay Example Thus, this area needs careful administration in order to avoid unhappy accidents caused by the medication error. When a student studies in medical higher institution, he/she is told that a healthcare professional should not make any mistakes at all, as they are not excusable in the area of medicine. Everybody makes mistakes but a doctor must not as he/she simply does not have a right to do that. â€Å"Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer† is defined by the newest legislation as a medication error (cited in Preventing Medication Errors). Moreover, medication errors usually lead to court cases. Unfortunately, the number of medication errors in the modern society is very high and tend to increase. The main reasons are the following: Ignorance of drug management rights; The absence of regular drug check. Healthcare workers are obliged to check medications before giving them to patients; The absence of appropriate patient administration. The state of patient’s health may vary so only recent tests should be taken into account when prescribing medicines; Giving drugs to patient being unsure about the dosage and medication appropriateness. Nurses should remember that in the modern world medicine develops fast. New illnesses people die from make pharmacists work hard to invent new medicines. Thus, new drugs appear every day and it makes it necessary for nurses to trace the development of new drugs, to study them carefully in order not to appear in a situation when the prescribed drugs are unfamiliar to them. A nurse should not give a drug to patient if she does not know its characteristics and what it is used for. It may be the cause of medical error. It is also very important to remember that a drug that is used for adults, not always can be used for children or its dosage should be corrected. Unluckily, last time many medication errors reported are connected with children, who should be safe first of all. â€Å"Drugs approved for adults are often used for children under the age of 12, although they aren't formulated for pediatric use† (Hospital medication errors frequent with children). Reporting medical errors is also a big problem. Unfortunately, if a medical error occurs, medical personnel prefer to conceal it rather than to report. Such behavior is caused by the fear of humiliation, of shame, of loosing job etc. However a fear can’t be considered as an excuse as timely reported error can save somebody’s life. Unluckily, nurses often forget about that (Tackling medication errors: European Medicines Agency workshop calls for coordinated EU approach). There are several measures that should be necessarily taken by the nurse to prevent medical errors. The first is the appropriate evaluation. A nurse should find out if a patient has any contra-indications to this or that medicine, make necessary tests to define the state of his/her health. Secondly, it is necessary to create a plan of medicines taking, define the right dose and warn the patient about possible side effects. The third important step is to advise the patients to apply to nurse in case he has any doubts about the drug prescribed (dose, size, color etc.). The final important prevention measure is the assessment of outcomes. It is very essential to check the state of the patient in order to trace the

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 4

Business law - Essay Example Despite the fact that most of these laws are poorly implemented and enforced, those concerned with international business cooperation and trade are relatively clear and well applied. There is also evidence showing that after the 2003 leadership succession in china, from the third generation to the fourth generation, there was a launch of a new wave of economic legislation to advance the economic reform as well as reforming and building up the legal reforms in the country. The key driving factor to the new economic laws in china is attributed to the requirements of the world trade organization (WTO). Being part of the membership of the WTO, China has an obligation to meet the rules and regulations as stipulated under the penal code of the WTO (ECOVIS 2014). The most pressing rules and regulations that each member of the WTO is obliged to implement are concerned with the governance of trade as well as those related with other economic activities. As a result, its entry into the WTO, Ch ina has since strived to implement its business law to conform to the agreement with the WTO to meet its international obligations. This essay will attempt to critically discuss how China’s accession to the WTO in 2001 has reshaped its legal environment on the business regulation. In preparing to join the WTO, china initiated the overall process of reviewing its existing laws and regulations. Slightly either before the year 2000 ended, most of the administrative measures and the state council or ministries annulled regulations. Right from the time China became the member of the WTO, it has hastened its activities of revising its current laws and regulations. according to available literature reviews, china had by the year 2002 revised 37 administrative regulations and 14 laws, annulled a total of 12 administrative regulations, changed about 1,000 departmental rules and measures, and suspended a total of 34 relevant documents. At the time being, china had to timely adopt

A view from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the bridge Essay All my life Ive been trying to create a blissful loving environment, in my house. All my expectations of life for my family would very probably have come true. However since the day that Marco and Rodolfo arrived all this has changed. A tense environment is what reigns in this house due to our different points of view.  I can accept that I am a bit confused about them hosting in this house but its very difficult for me to seem inferior to them. I think that Marco is a good person, he likes to collaborate in some house work, and he is an intelligent man with an amazing future. On the other hand Rodolfo is completely different, he has blonde hair, likes to sew dresses, doesnt know to fight and sings Paper Doll, its impossible to have a good impression of him. I think he doesnt want us to know he is a sissy because he is playing with the feelings of my family and he is trying to trick someone. When Rodolfo arrived I thought he was a normal person but it was annoying and shocking when I realized he wasnt right. He is invading my house and trying to impose new rules and authority, that is unacceptable. I want him to leave my house and let me continue the life I had before we met him. It was such a perfect life when we knew Catherine was going to grow in a disciplined manner with a perfect assured future but now he is spoiling her and ruining the expectations that I had for her future. Catherine is a very sweet girl and I love her. Thats why I protect her always and I cant accept the fact of her being with him. I dont know what Catherine likes about Rodolfo; shes unwise in her decision for the first time. Its even harder for me to assume that she is planning to live with him for the rest of her life. I have been taking care of her since she was a little girl, that is why I am nervous about her future and I feel responsible for the consequences. This is why I cant let grant her free will on her future. I think Rodolfo is playing with her feelings and taking advantage of her, his real interest in her is to obtain his legal American papers. For obtaining these papers he just needs to marry an American lady and this is just what hes doing. I know Im not Catherines father and she can take her decisions, but I want the best for her and the best is not beside Rodolfo. Some days ago I went to a lawyers office to ask him for help. He is called Alfieri but unfortunately we couldnt find a form of getting rid of Rodolfo. There is no proof of him wanting to obtain legal papers from Catherine. I had the idea of telling the truth about him being an illegal immigrant but soon I realized other members of the Italian community would have killed me for doing that. Alfieri told me that I should let Catherine choose her future and if she wants to stay with Rodolfo, I should let her do that. If Alfieri cant help me to get rid of that immigrant, I will have to solve this thing myself, the problem is that I still dont know how. My relationship with Beatrice has also been affected since they came. It is getting worse all the time and all of this is Rodolfos fault. I have to pay extra attention in Rodolfo so that he doesnt over step the mark with my niece. That is why Im letting my relationship fall apart. If this continues being as it is I will have to make a radical change and get rid of him because the last thing Im willing is to let the mutual love between Beatrice and me finish here. Some days ago I was trying to get proof to show my family that Rodolfo is gay. I started fighting with him and everyone noticed that he boxed like a girl; however none of them paid attention in that. After this Marco challenged me by lifting a chair from the lower part of the leg but I couldnt understand his idea about this. I think the real force of somebody can be measured by fighting. Unfortunately nobody in my family also believes this.  I am still finding a way of getting rid of Rodolfo. Meanwhile I will try to convince Catherine that he is not the best man for her. Maybe the only solution is to snitch on him but its very risky. In my inside I know that everything Im doing is of good will, for the future of my niece and to recuperate our prosperous loving family.

Civil Disobedience and the Abusive Power of Government Essay -- Thorea

Civil Disobedience and the Abusive Power of Government In response to the annexation of Texas in 1845 by the United States, Henry David Thoreau's wrote the essay, Civil Disobedience.   Thoreau felt that this purely economic move by the United States expedited the Civil War, which he, and many Americans, disapproved of.   In his essay, Thoreau argues that government should not be in control of the people and that the people should be able to rule themselves freely however they please.   In addition, he clearly states and points out that in many instances it is best when individual rights take priority over state authority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Very often, the best authors, whether it be of a novel or an essay, clearly state their opinions and facts using various literary techniques and devices.   From reading other Thoreau works, such as excerpts from Walden and Excursions, I was able to infer that he has his own unique, unmatched writing style.   Most ordinary and banal writers start their essays with long, tedious descriptions of the point they are trying to convey.   But like all great writers and thinkers, Thoreau begins his essay with a strong, captivating sentence: "That government is best which governs least" (222).   Thoreau's opening line grabs and lets the reader know what topic(s) the essay will be discussing.   As it turns out, this opening sentence is the basis for the rest of his essay as he encourages individuals to take responsibility for keeping the government in constant check.   He believes that the best way for a country and its people to survive is if individuals are willing to exert control over the government and not be ruled like sheep.   Part of Thoreau's writing style includes using examples to justify his op... ...are fighting for.   When he talks about the evils of slavery, Thoreau states that "When the majority shall at length vote for the abolition of slavery, it will be because they are indifferent to slavery, or because there is but little slavery left to be abolished by their vote. They will then be the only slaves. Only his vote can hasten the abolition of slavery who asserts his own freedom by his vote" (226).   As a dedicated abolitionist, he believes that only individuals hold the power to end slavery.   He thinks that you cannot depend on the government to stop slavery because it thinks as a whole, and not as individuals.   As he concludes his essay, Thoreau's main point is that individual power should be greater than that of the government. Thoreau's observation, "That government is best which governs least" continues to be as true today as the day it was written.

Parents Are the Primary Cause of Disturbed and Disturbing Behaviour in Their Children Essay

‘Parents are the primary cause of disturbed and disturbing behaviour in their children’ this essay will look at evidence for and against this claim. It will start by explaining the meaning of the phrase ‘disturbed and ‘disturbing behaviour’ and then move on to explain the role that parents play in the cause of ‘disturbed’ or ‘disturbing’ behaviour within their children. In the past theorists would have agreed with this phrase, having good evidence to support their theories. Nevertheless this is now considered by many to be a naive view of a child’s development. The essay will look at three different models, the medical model, the social environment model and the transactional model. It will conclude by looking at the role of the child in the process and looking at whether there is conclusive evidence to support this claim. There is a large minority of children who find certain circumstances difficult to adjust to and because of this; their behaviour is considered by others to be difficult, withdrawn, disturbed or even bizarre. Parents of these children may describe them as being ‘hard to manage’, ‘demanding’, and ‘aggressive’. People who work with these children for example teachers or health care workers could consider them to have ‘behavioural problems’. The expression ‘disturbed’ and ‘disturbing behaviour’ is very unclear, it can have several meanings at one time. One suggestion could be that the child is the victim of incompetent or abusive parenting. Then another suggestion is that the child is the cause of the problem with behaviour that needs to be contained. What is meant by a ‘problem’? ‘Childhood signs of psychological abnormality are, by and large, manifestations of behavioural, cognitive and emotional responses common to all children. Their quality of being dysfunctional lies in their inappropriate intensity, frequency and persistence (Herbert, 1991, p. 13). Children are said to present problems when their behaviour falls out of the range of tolerance and age-appropriateness. That range maybe more or less wide depending both on the context and the attitudes of those making such judgments. To put it bluntly, many children are only seen as having problems when they become a problem to others. So, whose problem is it? Where does the problem reside (Chapter, 2, p. 63)? Individuals have different perspectives of the ‘problem’. From the medical view the problem might be described in terms of ‘disorders’ which locates the problem firmly within the child as part of their psychological make-up. The approach to treatment was to prescribe medication or psychotherapy. This model was very prevalent during the 40’s and 50’s which came under much criticism. Emotional and behavioural difficulties were not considered within the medical model. The social environment model was careful not to put labels like ‘disturbed’ on to the child. As the medical model focuses the problem within the child the social environment model sees the problem as being outside the child for example a poor home situation, incompetent or abusive parental care or inadequate discipline at school. Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation is a good illustration of this perspective, which was highly influential in the 1950’s in the construction of post-war social policy on the functions of the family and especially the role of women, as mothers, in promoting children’s mental health (Chapter, 2, p. 8). Referring to children and their behaviour there is a very common phrase used in everyday life ‘I blame it on the parents’. This spanned many generations believing that the explanation for children’s bad or disruptive behaviour lay firmly within the home environment and the quality of parenting. Believing this removed the attention from the child themselves and the role that they might play in their behaviour and it also removed the attention from society and its responsibility for the welfare of the child. Most importantly, this belief is not just a feature of a particular ideology; it has become a foundation stone for some psychological theories about the processes of typical and disturbed development (Chapter 2 Pg 69). Kessen (1979) alerts us to the fact that some ideologies masquerade as psychological knowledge, information which is extremely important when taking into account research links between mother and child relationships and the development of disturbed behaviour. Many studies have suggested that disturbed/disturbing behaviour in children can be related to difficulties in the relationships with their mothers, which may reflect the mothers’ mental states (Murray and Stein, 1991; Garver, 1997; Wakschlag and Hans, 1999; Halligan et al. , 2004). Maternal responsiveness is important to an infant as is a mothers’ mind-mindedness (the ability to know what is going on in their infants mind) but this sensitive response can be affected by different factors. One example would be postnatal depression. A study done by Murray (1992) found that 18-month-old infants whose mothers had suffered from postnatal depression were more likely to be assessed as ‘insecurely attached’ in the ‘strange situation’. This was more prevalent in boys. Insecure attachment has been consistently linked with psychological difficulties (Greenberg et al. , 1993; Sund and Wichstrom, 2002). Murray also found that children of depressed mothers were more likely to have difficulties such as temper tantrums, eating problems, have trouble sleeping and be over clinging. This could suggest that infant temperament may also be causing problems. However not all depressed mothers develop difficulties in their relationships with their offspring (Cox et al. , 1987). Although maternal depression is one pathway to behavioural difficulties there is another; research has been carried out which traces the origins of antisocial behaviour to harsh and inconsistent discipline and ineffective parental control strategies which unwittingly reinforce the child’s negative, coercive behaviour (chapter, 2, P. 73). In disturbed relationships the people involved not only behave towards each other but they also think about each other. They both have an internal working model of the relationship which means that the cognitive as well as the social and emotional dimensions of the relationship need to be taken into account. In an Australian large-scale longitudinal study they found that mothers who had negative attitudes towards their infants at 6 months old were more likely to report behaviour problems when their children were 5 years old, especially for boys (Bor et al. 2003). The fathers also have a role in care giving. A father’s child-rearing beliefs, working hours, personality and age predicted fathers’ care giving activities. Fathers were more likely to assume care giving responsibilities if they had more positive personalities and were younger. They also assumed more care giving responsibilities when they contributed lower proportions of family income and were employed for fewer hours. Also marital intimacy predicted fathers’ care giving activities with fathers more involved when mothers reported more imitate marriages (Research summary 3, chapter, 2, p. 6). Much of the research which has explored fathers’ roles in shaping children’s behaviour has focused on the relationship between antisocial behaviour in fathers and children’s development. There is now strong evidence that there is a significant relationship between the two (Deklyen et al. 1998; Margolin and Gordis, 2000; Jaffee et al. 2003). Absence or low involvement of the father has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes for children (Scott, 1998; Carlson and Corcoran, 2001). Research shows that a father’s involvement at age 7 protected against psychological maladjustment in adolescents from disrupted families. For boys, early father involvement protected against later delinquency as measured by the child’s history of trouble with the police (Flouri and Buchanan, 2002) and for girls, father involvement at aged 16 protected against subsequent psychological distress (Flouri and Buchanan, 2003). Many studies have focused only on the amount of father involvement, neglecting the quality of the relationship (Research summary 4 pg 77). Although it is important to acknowledge the role of the parent’s involvement in their children’s adjustment we need to recognise that the child also has a role in the process. Attitudes about some styles of parenting as being the cause of atypical child behaviour, reflects a ‘social environment’ perception seeing the child as a passive victim of circumstances. Traditional questioning of the effects of environmental variables on children’s development and adjustment has been challenged through various researches. In a report from a study carried out by Sears et al. they offered a ‘social environment’ interpretation, arguing that it was the combination of parent’s permissiveness and punitiveness that caused their children to become aggressive. A highly permissive style means that children do not have clear guidance on appropriate behaviour, where as a highly punitive style means that, at the same time, they may have been frustrated by bouts of severe punishment (chapter, 2, p. 79). Bell (1968) argued persuasively for changing the direction of effect. He maintained that it was the child’s temperamental characteristics that determined how aggressive he or she was and that it is the parental disciplinary approach that attempts to adapt the child’s behaviour. Johnston et al. ’s research illustrates the dangers of presuming particular directions of causality. It would be wrong to assume that environmental risk factors would be in some sense causing children’s problems. There could be some circumstances where the characteristics of the child could add to family stress, changing parental attitudes and influencing maternal behaviour. The relative influence of parenting behaviour versus child behaviour will vary, according to the characteristics of the child and of the parent and the circumstances affecting both (chapter, 2, p. 80). It is clear that children can have both direct and indirect influences on their environment. Children and environments can also share transactional relationships. Consider a child who is easily upset and also hard to soothe, the so called ‘difficult’ temperament. Such a child with a parent who has a good social support network an a well-provided home and is relatively easily able to ‘contain’ the child’s distress and minimise upsetting experiences, may end up experiencing only brief and infrequent periods of upset and evoking a lot of supportive, sensitive care giving from ‘the environment’. The same child, however, might evoke a very different kind of care giving in a more stressed household with a parent who is less able to behave sensitively and protectively and reacts to the child’s distress in overly emotional ways. Thus environments can differ in their reactivity to children’s behaviour (Method and Skills Handbook pg 41). Chess and Thomson introduced the concept of ‘goodness of fit’ to describe the transactional relationship between child and environment. As they state, ‘goodness-of-fit results when the child’s capacities, motivations and temperament are adequate to master the demands, expectations and opportunities of the environment’ (Chess and Thomas, 1984, p. 80). Looking at the evidence presented above it is inconclusive that parents are the primary cause of disturbed and disturbing behaviour in their children; it is important to reaffirm that there are multiple pathways to disturbed behaviour and that maternal and paternal behaviour represent just two among a constellation of social context, family and parental risk factors that have been found to be associated with childhood difficulties (chapter, 2, p. 77). The evidence presented by Murray and Stein, 1991; Garver, 1997; Wakschlag and Hans, 1999; Halligan et al. , 2004 stating that disturbed/disturbing behaviour in children can be related to difficulties in the relationships with their mothers, is refuted by Cox et al. saying, not all depressed mothers develop difficulties in their relationships with their offspring. The issue is not about whether the direction of effect runs from child to mother or from mother to child; it is about their mutual influence as partners in a relationship. Children as well as parents play an active role in the process of development (chapter, 2, p. 80). In summary any particular ‘problems’ that a child might present need to be understood in terms of the demands of the context, the history of similar experiences faced by the child and the history of the adult who finds the child’s behaviour disturbing (chapter, 2, p. 64).